Panic attacks are sudden and intense episodes of fear, often accompanied by severe physical reactions, even when there is no apparent danger. The fear can be overwhelming, making individuals believe they are losing control, having a heart attack, or facing imminent death. While many experience one or two panic attacks in their lifetime, recurring episodes coupled with constant fear may indicate panic disorder, a condition that can significantly impact quality of life.

Symptoms of panic attacks vary but typically peak within minutes, leaving individuals fatigued afterward. Common signs include a sense of impending doom, rapid heart rate, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, and nausea. One of the most challenging aspects is the fear of having another attack, leading to avoidance of situations where they might occur.

The causes of panic attacks are not fully understood, but factors like genetics, major stress, and brain function changes may contribute. Risk factors include family history, traumatic events, major life changes, and substance misuse.

While panic attacks themselves aren't life-threatening, their management can be challenging without proper treatment. Symptoms can resemble those of other serious health problems, making a medical evaluation essential.